Lineage List

This is a list of active lineages which have been seen in the last year. A complete list of lineages can be found on the Pango designation GitHub and a JSON file containing the equivalent data from this page for the full set of lineages can be downloaded in JSON format here.


Lineage Most common countries Earliest date # designated # assigned Description WHO Name
B United States of America 40.0%, United Kingdom 15.0%, China 8.0%, Mexico 5.0%, Germany 3.0% 2019-12-24 3999 10439 One of the two original haplotypes of the pandemic(and first to be discovered)
B.1 United States of America 47.0%, Turkey 11.0%, United Kingdom 7.0%, Canada 4.0%, France 3.0% 2020-01-01 46223 115411 A large European lineage the origin of which roughly corresponds to the Northern Italian outbreak early in 2020.
B.1.1 United Kingdom 25.0%, United States of America 15.0%, Russia 6.0%, Japan 6.0%, Turkey 5.0% 2020-01-19 22778 51787 European lineage with 3 clear SNPs `28881GA`,`28882GA`,`28883GC`
B.1.1.7 United Kingdom 23.0%, United States of America 20.0%, Germany 9.0%, Sweden 6.0%, Denmark 6.0% 2020-01-19 69634 1118968 UK lineage of concern, associated with the N501Y mutation. More information can be found at cov-lineages.org/global_report.html
B.1.1.28 Brazil 83.0%, Philippines 8.0%, United States of America 3.0%, Paraguay 2.0%, Japan 1.0% 2020-02-10 854 5631 Brazil mostly, absorbed B.1.1.94 and B.1.1.143
P.1 Brazil 58.0%, United States of America 25.0%, Chile 3.0%, Argentina 1.0%, Spain 1.0% 2020-04-07 29942 73870 Alias of B.1.1.28.1, Brazilian lineage with a number of spike mutations with likely functional significance E484K, K417T, and N501Y. Described in https://virological.org/t/genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-manaus-preliminary-findings/586, from #77
B.1.1.142 United Kingdom 50.0%, Australia 8.0%, Germany 7.0%, United States of America 6.0%, Austria 5.0% 2020-02-24 38 249 Australian lineage
B.1.1.529 United States of America 34.0%, Germany 13.0%, India 9.0%, Turkey 5.0%, Russia 5.0% 2020-04-14 0 7730 South Africa and Botswana lineage, from #343
BA.1 United Kingdom 40.0%, United States of America 22.0%, Denmark 6.0%, Germany 4.0%, Brazil 4.0% 2020-06-25 65813 426716 Alias of B.1.1.529.1, from #361
BA.1.1 United States of America 47.0%, United Kingdom 19.0%, Germany 7.0%, Canada 4.0%, France 2.0% 2020-01-27 104388 973060 Alias of B.1.1.529.1.1, from #360
BA.2 United Kingdom 29.0%, Germany 13.0%, Denmark 12.0%, United States of America 11.0%, France 7.0% 2020-03-28 112178 1209386 Alias of B.1.1.529.2, from #361
BA.2.12.1 United States of America 81.0%, Canada 5.0%, United Kingdom 2.0%, Germany 1.0%, Mexico 1.0% 2020-04-15 39743 276706 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.12.1, USA and Canada lineage, from #499
BM.4.1.1 United States of America 24.0%, India 22.0%, United Kingdom 11.0%, Australia 5.0%, Singapore 4.0% 2022-07-20 35 928 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.3.4.1.1, mainly found in India, defined by S:346T
DV.7.1 Spain 49.0%, United States of America 9.0%, France 7.0%, Canada 5.0%, United Kingdom 5.0% 2023-05-11 45 1264 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.3.4.1.1.1.1.1.7.1, S:L455F (G22927T), S:F456L (T22928C), Spain/Austria, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#135
BN.1.2 South_Korea 28.0%, Japan 23.0%, United States of America 7.0%, Thailand 6.0%, Denmark 5.0% 2022-01-24 2344 9559 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.5.1.2, Singapore/England, E:D72G
BA.2.86 South_Africa 34.0%, United States of America 10.0%, Australia 5.0%, Netherlands 5.0%, Germany 4.0% 2023-03-11 28 922 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86, from #2183
BA.2.86.1 Japan 20.0%, United Kingdom 11.0%, United States of America 9.0%, Denmark 8.0%, France 6.0% 2023-01-03 22 9872 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1, ORF1a:K1973R, mostly with C12815T, mainly Europe, from #2236
JN.1 United States of America 32.0%, Canada 8.0%, United Kingdom 8.0%, Spain 6.0%, China 4.0% 2020-01-20 3987 102966 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1, S:L455S, ORF1a:R3821K, ORF7b:F19L, Europe
JN.1.1 United States of America 21.0%, France 17.0%, China 10.0%, Canada 6.0%, United Kingdom 4.0% 2021-07-16 692 22674 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.1, ORF1a:F499L, C11747T, France, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#987
JN.1.1.1 Sweden 29.0%, France 16.0%, United Kingdom 10.0%, United States of America 8.0%, Italy 6.0% 2023-09-25 24 588 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.1.1, S:T572I on C9142T branch, France/Sweden/Poland, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1097
JN.1.1.3 Japan 23.0%, Sweden 20.0%, United Kingdom 14.0%, France 13.0%, United States of America 8.0% 2023-11-04 68 71 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.1.3, S:R346T, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1089
JN.1.1.5 Brazil 27.0%, United States of America 26.0%, Japan 8.0%, France 7.0%, South_Africa 4.0% 2023-01-29 43 407 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.1.5, S:R346T on C9142T branch, from #2492
KR.1 United States of America 43.0%, Canada 21.0%, South_Korea 7.0%, Japan 6.0%, Australia 4.0% 2024-01-06 10 672 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.1.5.1, S:F456L (22928C), after C28498T, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1253
JN.1.2 United States of America 47.0%, Canada 37.0%, Greece 4.0%, United Kingdom 3.0%, Sweden 1.0% 2023-01-03 43 2421 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.2, S:M1229I, USA/Canada, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1087
JN.1.3 United States of America 29.0%, Netherlands 9.0%, Switzerland 7.0%, Canada 6.0%, United Kingdom 5.0% 2023-03-04 23 456 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.3, ORF8:Q18*, Netherlands
JN.1.4 United States of America 44.0%, Canada 8.0%, South_Korea 7.0%, United Kingdom 5.0%, Denmark 4.0% 2023-02-14 129 45080 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.4, ORF1a:T170I, Denmark/Singapore, from #2381
JN.1.4.2 United States of America 84.0%, South_Korea 4.0%, Canada 3.0%, Puerto_Rico 2.0%, United Kingdom 1.0% 2023-11-17 387 1246 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.4.2, S:N185D, after T18453C, USA, from #2462
JN.1.4.3 United States of America 64.0%, Canada 9.0%, United Kingdom 8.0%, China 4.0%, Australia 2.0% 2023-11-14 36 400 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.4.3, S:T572I, USA, from #2487
KQ.1 United States of America 86.0%, Canada 6.0%, United Kingdom 4.0%, Puerto_Rico 1.0%, Poland 1.0% 2024-01-04 64 872 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.4.3.1, S:R346T, USA from #2487
JN.1.5 Singapore 26.0%, China 16.0%, Japan 10.0%, South_Korea 10.0%, United States of America 9.0% 2023-10-30 539 2935 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.5, ORF1b:V1271T, Singapore/Malaysia/Indonesia, from #2419
JN.1.6 United States of America 57.0%, Switzerland 6.0%, France 5.0%, Canada 5.0%, China 5.0% 2023-10-11 141 1224 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.6, G22627A
JN.1.6.1 Sweden 47.0%, United States of America 20.0%, United Kingdom 17.0%, Spain 4.0%, Germany 4.0% 2023-11-26 34 275 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.6.1, S:R346T, Sweden, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1089
JN.1.7 United States of America 47.0%, United Kingdom 14.0%, Canada 10.0%, Spain 4.0%, Ireland 3.0% 2022-10-18 66 8276 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.7, S:T572I, S:E1150D, USA/France, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1097
JN.1.7.1 United Kingdom 75.0%, United States of America 10.0%, New_Zealand 3.0%, Portugal 3.0%, Ireland 2.0% 2023-12-31 21 220 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.7.1, S:R346K, England, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1371
JN.1.7.2 United States of America 38.0%, Canada 18.0%, Chile 10.0%, United Kingdom 9.0%, Argentina 5.0% 2023-12-09 110 861 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.7.2, ORF1b:C1563F, Americas
JN.1.8 United States of America 37.0%, United Kingdom 15.0%, Spain 7.0%, Canada 7.0%, France 4.0% 2023-02-26 110 1965 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.8, ORF7a:T28I
JN.1.8.1 United States of America 72.0%, Canada 16.0%, United Kingdom 2.0%, Japan 1.0%, Spain 1.0% 2023-02-26 96 3869 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.8.1, S:T572I, after A12928G, USA/Denmark, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1097
JN.1.9 United States of America 43.0%, Spain 10.0%, United Kingdom 9.0%, Canada 8.0%, Puerto_Rico 5.0% 2023-10-03 238 3424 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.9, S:Q183H, USA/UK/Canada, from #2410
JN.1.9.1 United Kingdom 63.0%, Australia 7.0%, New_Zealand 7.0%, Ireland 5.0%, Canada 5.0% 2023-12-04 26 350 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.9.1, S:T572I, ORF1a:A3143V, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1097
JN.1.10 United States of America 19.0%, Spain 10.0%, Canada 10.0%, Germany 9.0%, United Kingdom 8.0% 2023-11-07 29 159 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.10, S:T95I, USA/Canada, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1135
JN.1.11 United States of America 30.0%, India 12.0%, Italy 12.0%, Spain 11.0%, Japan 7.0% 2023-12-07 2 1114 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.11, S:V1104L, G17334T, India, from #2446
JN.1.11.1 United States of America 25.0%, Canada 16.0%, Spain 10.0%, United Kingdom 9.0%, Japan 9.0% 2023-08-11 17 93253 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.11.1, S:F456L (T22928C), after ORF1a:T2283I, India, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1253
KP.1 United States of America 39.0%, Canada 11.0%, Australia 7.0%, New_Zealand 7.0%, United Kingdom 6.0% 2023-12-30 28 915 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.11.1.1, S:K1086R, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1364
KP.1.1 United States of America 44.0%, Canada 11.0%, Singapore 7.0%, United Kingdom 7.0%, Australia 3.0% 2024-01-27 8 11925 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.11.1.1.1, S:R346T, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1089
KP.2 United States of America 44.0%, Canada 11.0%, United Kingdom 9.0%, Singapore 7.0%, France 3.0% 2023-07-05 7 33354 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.11.1.2, S:R346T on JN.1.11.1 polytomy, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1089
JN.1.12 Italy 24.0%, South_Korea 22.0%, United States of America 18.0%, Poland 7.0%, Ireland 7.0% 2023-11-26 11 45 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.12, S:F456V, ORF7a:A8T, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1253
JN.1.13 United States of America 32.0%, Sweden 15.0%, Canada 9.0%, Russia 8.0%, United Kingdom 7.0% 2023-12-10 21 171 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.13, S:A1087S, after C26894T, C25680T, USA, from #2464
JN.1.13.1 United States of America 38.0%, Canada 14.0%, Russia 12.0%, United Kingdom 7.0%, France 5.0% 2023-12-07 241 6189 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.13.1, S:R346T, S:F59S, USA, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals/issues/1386
JN.1.15 United States of America 31.0%, Ecuador 14.0%, Spain 11.0%, United Kingdom 8.0%, Australia 5.0% 2023-11-09 50 731 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.15, S:A688V
JN.1.16 United States of America 36.0%, Canada 12.0%, China 7.0%, United Kingdom 6.0%, Spain 6.0% 2023-07-14 47 35192 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.16, S:F456L (T22928C), from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1253
JN.1.18 United States of America 32.0%, United Kingdom 10.0%, Canada 8.0%, France 4.0%, Japan 4.0% 2023-01-03 134 6497 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.18, S:R346T, directly on JN.1 polytomy, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1089
JN.1.19 United States of America 30.0%, Netherlands 10.0%, United Kingdom 10.0%, Denmark 10.0%, Russia 8.0% 2023-10-02 715 1598 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.19, ORF8:I71V
JN.1.20 South_Korea 43.0%, China 13.0%, United States of America 13.0%, Australia 6.0%, Canada 4.0% 2023-01-02 66 1179 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.20, S:S31F, directly on JN.1 polytomy
JN.1.22 Canada 32.0%, United States of America 22.0%, United Kingdom 8.0%, Spain 4.0%, Belgium 4.0% 2023-10-22 1541 3104 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.22, ORF1a:S505F, C13019T, from #2465
JN.1.23 Brazil 72.0%, United States of America 16.0%, Canada 3.0%, South_Korea 3.0%, Portugal 2.0% 2024-01-01 48 270 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.23, S:K444R, S:Y453F, ORF1a:A307V, ORF1a:P2144L, Brazil, from #2488
JN.1.24 United States of America 55.0%, United Kingdom 10.0%, Costa_Rica 5.0%, Spain 5.0%, Israel 4.0% 2023-11-10 117 189 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.24, S:C1243F, USA
JN.1.25.1 United States of America 31.0%, United Kingdom 31.0%, India 19.0%, Canada 12.0%, Netherlands 6.0% 2023-12-17 16 52 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.25.1, S:R346T, India
JN.2 Sweden 34.0%, United Kingdom 16.0%, Canada 12.0%, United States of America 8.0%, Japan 5.0% 2022-10-22 111 3986 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.2, ORF1a:Y621C, Europe/North America, from #2284
JN.2.2 Netherlands 43.0%, Germany 12.0%, Turkey 10.0%, United Kingdom 6.0%, Sweden 5.0% 2023-10-27 41 129 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.2.2, S:T572I, N:G25C, ORF1a:L3644F, Netherlands, from #2433
JN.6 United Kingdom 47.0%, United States of America 9.0%, Lithuania 8.0%, Denmark 7.0%, Finland 4.0% 2023-09-12 36 721 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.6, S:V193L
JN.11 Japan 34.0%, Denmark 18.0%, United States of America 13.0%, South_Korea 8.0%, Singapore 6.0% 2023-04-12 78 384 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.1.11, S:V1104L, Asia, from sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals#1303
JQ.2 South_Africa 57.0%, Canada 13.0%, United Kingdom 13.0%, United States of America 7.0%, Netherlands 3.0% 2023-09-28 5 101 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.86.3.2, S:R346T, G2944A, South Africa, from #2505
BA.4.6 United States of America 60.0%, Canada 7.0%, United Kingdom 6.0%, France 3.0%, Denmark 3.0% 2020-02-02 1179 53217 Alias of B.1.1.529.4.6, mainly found in USA, England and Denmark, from #741
BA.5.1 United States of America 18.0%, Germany 11.0%, France 10.0%, United Kingdom 10.0%, Denmark 7.0% 2020-03-14 23500 229728 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.1, Portugal lineage
BA.5.1.14 Brazil 86.0%, Chile 5.0%, Spain 5.0%, Italy 2.0%, Peru 2.0% 2022-05-13 29 44 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.1.14, mainly found in Brazil
BA.5.1.17 France 52.0%, Germany 10.0%, United States of America 5.0%, Denmark 4.0%, Belgium 4.0% 2021-11-15 801 1963 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.1.17, France lineage
BA.5.2 Japan 18.0%, United States of America 17.0%, Germany 7.0%, United Kingdom 6.0%, Russia 5.0% 2020-07-02 10665 279184 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2, mainly found in South Africa, England and USA, from #551
BF.7.21 Germany 21.0%, United States of America 10.0%, Canada 10.0%, Belgium 8.0%, United Kingdom 8.0% 2022-03-11 1973 2230 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2.1.7.21, C28603T
BF.13 United States of America 64.0%, Canada 8.0%, Japan 7.0%, Germany 4.0%, Sweden 3.0% 2022-06-09 36 2614 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2.1.13, mainly found in USA, from #883
BF.31.1 Chile 64.0%, Canada 12.0%, United States of America 12.0%, Austria 3.0%, Australia 2.0% 2022-07-27 99 777 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2.1.31.1, Chile, S:A701V and S:S247N/S:Y248-
BQ.1.1.32 United States of America 84.0%, United Kingdom 3.0%, Spain 3.0%, Japan 2.0%, Canada 2.0% 2021-11-30 195 3159 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.32 found mainly in USA, S:153I, S:144-, from #1402
DT.3 United States of America 98.0%, Germany 1.0%, Sweden 1.0% 2022-11-26 50 106 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.32.3 USA, S:L176F
BQ.1.3.2 United States of America 76.0%, Canada 5.0%, United Kingdom 3.0%, Japan 2.0%, Germany 2.0% 2022-08-01 2379 4353 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.3.2, ORF1a:L1853F, USA
BQ.1.22 United States of America 24.0%, Canada 22.0%, Germany 11.0%, United Kingdom 11.0%, France 7.0% 2022-09-26 12 861 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.22, Canada, S:R346T after C26681T
BA.5.9 Germany 39.0%, United States of America 9.0%, United Kingdom 8.0%, Denmark 6.0%, France 4.0% 2022-01-24 217 8966 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.9, mainly found in Germany, Switzerland and Denmark, from #753